The Direct Measurement of Welfare Levels : How Much Does It Cost to Make Ends Meet ?
نویسندگان
چکیده
We adopt a direct approach to measuring the welfare levels of households with different incomes and varying characteristics by using households' responses to subjective questions about their evaluations of their own economic status. We use this approach to analyze newly available u.S. data on subjective well-being. We address such interrelated questions as how to rank households by welfare level, how to make comparisons of households of different size and composition, and how to establish a set of poverty lines. Two differences between our empirical results and those using the official poverty lines stand out. First, the equivalence scale derived from the subjective data shows small differences in needs for households with an aged head and for larger families and large differences for households headed by females. This pattern is reversed in the official poverty lines. Second, the income level associated with making ends meet lies considerably above the u.S. poverty level.
منابع مشابه
I-17: Recent Developments in Animal Welfare Sciencee
The methodology for the scientific assessment of animal welfare has developed rapidly in recent years and has become a major scientific discipline. The concepts of welfare, need, stress, health, pain, emotion and feeling are now clarified. In teaching, legislation and practical work referring to animal welfare, a clear definition that can be related to other concepts is needed. The welfare of a...
متن کاملApplication of Total Deviation Index in Aging Studies
Aims: Obtaining measurement errors in aging samples studies is of high importance mainly because of the study itself as well as the attention and consideration that are required in recording such data. This study aims to introduce a simple formula to obtain and interpret the Total Deviation Index (TDI) and encourage researchers to use it as a suitable tool in defining reliability in psychometri...
متن کاملPwp-058 Electricity Transmission Pricing: How Much Does It Cost to Get It Wrong? Electricity Transmission Pricing: How Much Does It Cost to Get It Wrong? Electricity Transmission Pricing: How Much Does It Cost to Get It Wrong ?
Economists know how to calculate optimal prices for electricity transmission. These are rarely applied in practice. This paper develops a thirteen node model, based on the transmission system in England and Wales, incorporating losses and transmission constraints. It is solved with optimal prices, and with uniform prices for demand and for generation, but re-dispatching to take account of trans...
متن کاملIt Won’t Be Easy: How to Make Universal Pharmacare Work in Canada
One of the glaring gaps in Canada’s universal healthcare system is the low level of public financing of prescription drugs - 42.7% of total spending in 2018. At the federal level there is renewed interest in moving towards universal coverage, supported by a recently commissioned report on how to achieve it. It will take superb political navigation to extract Canadian ph...
متن کامل